公民知识题库

• Republic共和制
• Constitution-based federal republic以宪法为基础的联邦共和国
• Representative democracy代议制民主

• (U.S.) Constitution(美国)宪法

• Forms the government组建政府
• Defines powers of government界定政府的权力
• Defines the parts of government界定政府的组成部分
• Protects the rights of the people保护人民的权利

• Self-government自治
• Popular sovereignty人民主权
• Consent of the governed被治理者的同意
• People should govern themselves人民应当自我治理
• (Example of) social contract社会契约(的体现)

• Amendments修正案
• The amendment process修宪程序

• (The basic) rights of Americans美国人的(基本)权利
• (The basic) rights of people living in the United States居住在美国的人的(基本)权利

• Twenty-seven (27)二十七(27)条

• It says America is free from British control.它宣告美国摆脱英国的控制。
• It says all people are created equal.它宣告人人生而平等。
• It identifies inherent rights.它确认了与生俱来的权利。
• It identifies individual freedoms.它确认了个人自由。

• Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

需说出 2 项:

• Equality平等
• Liberty自由
• Social contract社会契约
• Natural rights自然权利
• Limited government有限政府
• Self-government自治

• Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

• Capitalism资本主义
• Free market economy自由市场经济

• Everyone must follow the law.人人都必须遵守法律。
• Leaders must obey the law.领导人必须服从法律。
• Government must obey the law.政府必须服从法律。
• No one is above the law.没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。

• Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
• Articles of Confederation《邦联条例》
• Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》
• Anti-Federalist Papers《反联邦党人文集》
• Virginia Declaration of Rights《弗吉尼亚权利宣言》
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut《康涅狄格基本法》
• Mayflower Compact《五月花号公约》
• Iroquois Great Law of Peace《易洛魁大和平法》

• So one part does not become too powerful防止任何一个部门权力过大
• Checks and balances制衡
• Separation of powers三权分立

• Legislative, executive, and judicial立法、行政和司法
• Congress, president, and the courts国会、总统和法院

• Executive branch行政部门

• (U.S.) Congress(美国)国会
• (U.S. or national) legislature(美国或国家)立法机构
• Legislative branch立法部门

• Senate and House (of Representatives)参议院和众议院

• Writes laws制定法律
• Declares war宣战
• Makes the federal budget制定联邦预算

• One hundred (100)一百(100)位

• Six (6) years六(6)年

这道题的答案随你所在州而定。 去设置

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. senators.]

• Four hundred thirty-five (435)四百三十五(435)位

• Two (2) years两(2)年

• To more closely follow public opinion为了更紧密地跟随民意

• Two (2)两(2)位

• Equal representation (for small states)(小州也享有)平等代表权
• The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)大妥协(康涅狄格妥协)

这道题的答案随你所在州而定。 去设置

Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) representatives in Congress.]

• Mike Johnson

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

• Citizens of their state其所在州的公民
• People of their state其所在州的人民

• Citizens from their state其所在州的公民

• Citizens in their (congressional) district其(国会)选区的公民
• Citizens in their district其选区的公民
• People from their (congressional) district来自其(国会)选区的人民
• People in their district其选区的人民

• Citizens from their (congressional) district其(国会)选区的公民

• (Because of) the state's population(因为)该州的人口
• (Because) they have more people(因为)他们人口更多
• (Because) some states have more people(因为)有些州人口更多

• Four (4) years四(4)年

• (Because of) the 22nd Amendment(因为)第 22 条修正案
• To keep the president from becoming too powerful防止总统权力过大

• Donald J. Trump

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the President of the United States.

• J.D. Vance

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Vice President of the United States.

• The Vice President (of the United States)(美国)副总统

• Signs bills into law签署法案使之成为法律
• Vetoes bills否决法案
• Enforces laws执行法律
• Commander in Chief (of the military)(军队的)三军统帅
• Chief diplomat首席外交官
• Appoints federal judges任命联邦法官

• The President (of the United States)(美国)总统

• The President (of the United States)(美国)总统

• The President (of the United States)(美国)总统

• The President (of the United States)(美国)总统

• President (of the United States)(美国)总统
• Cabinet内阁
• Federal departments and agencies联邦各部与机构

• Advises the President (of the United States)为(美国)总统提供建议

需说出 2 项:

• Attorney General司法部长
• Secretary of Agriculture农业部长
• Secretary of Commerce商务部长
• Secretary of Education教育部长
• Secretary of Energy能源部长
• Secretary of Health and Human Services卫生与公众服务部长
• Secretary of Homeland Security国土安全部长
• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development住房与城市发展部长
• Secretary of the Interior内政部长
• Secretary of Labor劳工部长
• Secretary of State国务卿
• Secretary of Transportation交通部长
• Secretary of the Treasury财政部长
• Secretary of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部长
• Secretary of War (Defense)战争部长(国防部长)
• Vice President副总统
• Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency环境保护署署长
• Administrator of the Small Business Administration小企业管理局局长
• Director of the Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局局长
• Director of the Office of Management and Budget行政管理和预算局局长
• Director of National Intelligence国家情报总监
• United States Trade Representative美国贸易代表

• It decides who is elected president.它决定谁当选总统。
• It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection.它是总统普选与国会遴选之间的折中方案。

• Supreme Court最高法院
• Federal Courts联邦法院

• Reviews laws审查法律
• Explains laws解释法律
• Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law解决关于法律的争议(分歧)
• Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution裁定法律是否违反(美国)宪法

• Supreme Court最高法院

• Nine (9)九(9)个

• Five (5)五(5)位

• (For) life终身
• Lifetime appointment终身任命
• (Until) retirement(直到)退休

• To be independent (of politics)为了(在政治上)保持独立
• To limit outside (political) influence为了限制外部(政治)影响

• John Roberts

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Chief Justice of the United States.

• Print paper money印制纸币
• Mint coins铸造硬币
• Declare war宣战
• Create an army建立军队
• Make treaties签订条约
• Set foreign policy制定外交政策

• Provide schooling and education提供学校教育
• Provide protection (police)提供治安保护(警察)
• Provide safety (fire departments)提供安全保障(消防部门)
• Give a driver's license颁发驾照
• Approve zoning and land use批准区划与土地使用

• (It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.(它规定)未授予联邦政府的权力属于各州或人民。

这道题的答案随你所在州而定。 去设置

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a governor.]

这道题的答案随你所在州而定。 去设置

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]

• Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).十八(18)岁及以上的公民(可以投票)。
• You don't have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.投票不必缴纳(人头税)。
• Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)任何公民都可以投票。(女性和男性都可以投票。)
• A male citizen of any race (can vote).任何种族的男性公民(都可以投票)。

• Citizens公民
• Citizens of the United States美国公民
• U.S. citizens美国公民

需说出 3 项:

• Freedom of expression表达自由
• Freedom of speech言论自由
• Freedom of assembly集会自由
• Freedom to petition the government向政府请愿的自由
• Freedom of religion宗教自由
• The right to bear arms持有武器的权利

• The United States美国
• The flag国旗

需说出 2 项:

• Give up loyalty to other countries放弃对其他国家的效忠
• Defend the (U.S.) Constitution捍卫(美国)宪法
• Obey the laws of the United States遵守美国的法律
• Serve in the military (if needed)(必要时)在军队服役
• Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed)(必要时)为国家服务(提供帮助、做重要工作)
• Be loyal to the United States效忠美国

• Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Amendment依第 14 条修正案规定的条件在美国出生
• Naturalize入籍归化
• Derive citizenship (under conditions set by Congress)衍生取得公民身份(依国会规定的条件)

需说出 2 项:

• Vote投票
• Run for office竞选公职
• Join a political party加入政党
• Help with a campaign协助竞选活动
• Join a civic group加入公民团体
• Join a community group加入社区团体
• Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue)向民选官员表达(对某议题的)意见
• Contact elected officials联系民选官员
• Support or oppose an issue or policy支持或反对某个议题或政策
• Write to a newspaper投书报社

• Vote投票
• Pay taxes纳税
• Obey the law遵守法律
• Serve in the military在军队服役
• Run for office竞选公职
• Work for local, state, or federal government为地方、州或联邦政府工作

• Required by law法律要求
• All people pay to fund the federal government所有人缴税以支持联邦政府运作
• Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment)(美国)宪法(第 16 条修正案)的要求
• Civic duty公民义务

• Required by law法律要求
• Civic duty公民义务
• Makes the draft fair, if needed使征兵(在需要时)公平

• Freedom自由
• Political liberty政治自由
• Religious freedom宗教自由
• Economic opportunity经济机会
• Escape persecution逃避迫害

• American Indians美洲印第安人
• Native Americans美洲原住民

• Africans非洲人
• People from Africa来自非洲的人

• American Revolution美国革命
• The (American) Revolutionary War(美国)独立战争
• War for (American) Independence(美国)独立之战

• High taxes苛捐重税
• Taxation without representation有纳税义务却无参政权
• British soldiers stayed in Americans' houses (boarding, quartering)英国士兵驻扎在美国人家中(寄宿、强占民房)
• They did not have self-government他们没有自治权
• Boston Massacre波士顿惨案
• Boston Tea Party (Tea Act)波士顿倾茶事件(《茶税法》)
• Stamp Act《印花税法》
• Sugar Act《糖税法》
• Townshend Acts《汤森法案》
• Intolerable (Coercive) Acts《不可容忍法案(强制法案)》

• (Thomas) Jefferson(托马斯·)杰斐逊

• July 4, 17761776 年 7 月 4 日

• (Battle of) Bunker Hill邦克山(战役)
• Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
• Washington Crossing the Delaware (Battle of Trenton)华盛顿横渡特拉华河(特伦顿战役)
• (Battle of) Saratoga萨拉托加(战役)
• Valley Forge (Encampment)福吉谷(扎营)
• (Battle of) Yorktown (British surrender at Yorktown)约克镇(战役)(英军在约克镇投降)

需说出 5 项:

• New Hampshire新罕布什尔州
• Massachusetts马萨诸塞州
• Rhode Island罗得岛州
• Connecticut康涅狄格州
• New York纽约州
• New Jersey新泽西州
• Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州
• Delaware特拉华州
• Maryland马里兰州
• Virginia弗吉尼亚州
• North Carolina北卡罗来纳州
• South Carolina南卡罗来纳州
• Georgia佐治亚州

• (U.S.) Constitution(美国)宪法

• (James) Madison(詹姆斯·)麦迪逊
• (Alexander) Hamilton(亚历山大·)汉密尔顿
• (John) Jay(约翰·)杰伊
• Publius普布利乌斯(笔名)

• They helped people understand the (U.S.) Constitution.它们帮助人们理解(美国)宪法。
• They supported passing the (U.S.) Constitution.它们支持(美国)宪法的通过。

• Founded the first free public libraries创办了最早的免费公共图书馆
• First Postmaster General of the United States美国第一任邮政总长
• Helped write the Declaration of Independence参与撰写《独立宣言》
• Inventor发明家
• U.S. diplomat美国外交官

• "Father of Our Country"「美国国父」
• First president of the United States美国第一任总统
• General of the Continental Army大陆军总司令
• President of the Constitutional Convention制宪会议主席

• Writer of the Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》的执笔人
• Third president of the United States美国第三任总统
• Doubled the size of the United States (Louisiana Purchase)使美国领土翻倍(路易斯安那购地)
• First Secretary of State美国第一任国务卿
• Founded the University of Virginia创办弗吉尼亚大学
• Writer of the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法令》的执笔人

• "Father of the Constitution"「宪法之父」
• Fourth president of the United States美国第四任总统
• President during the War of 18121812 年战争期间的总统
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》的作者之一

• First Secretary of the Treasury美国第一任财政部长
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》的作者之一
• Helped establish the First Bank of the United States协助创建美国第一银行
• Aide to General George Washington乔治·华盛顿将军的副官
• Member of the Continental Congress大陆会议成员

• Louisiana Territory路易斯安那领地
• Louisiana路易斯安那

• War of 18121812 年战争
• Mexican-American War美墨战争
• Civil War南北战争(内战)
• Spanish-American War美西战争

• The Civil War南北战争(内战)

• (Battle of) Fort Sumter萨姆特堡(战役)
• Emancipation Proclamation《解放奴隶宣言》
• (Battle of) Vicksburg维克斯堡(战役)
• (Battle of) Gettysburg葛底斯堡(战役)
• Sherman's March谢尔曼进军
• (Surrender at) Appomattox阿波马托克斯(投降)
• (Battle of) Antietam/Sharpsburg安提塔姆/夏普斯堡(战役)
• Lincoln was assassinated.林肯遇刺。

• Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)解放了奴隶(《解放奴隶宣言》)
• Saved (or preserved) the Union拯救(保全)了联邦
• Led the United States during the Civil War在南北战争期间领导美国
• 16th president of the United States美国第十六任总统
• Delivered the Gettysburg Address发表葛底斯堡演说

• Freed the slaves解放了奴隶
• Freed slaves in the Confederacy解放了南方邦联的奴隶
• Freed slaves in the Confederate states解放了南方邦联各州的奴隶
• Freed slaves in most Southern states解放了大多数南方州的奴隶

• The Civil War南北战争(内战)

• 14th Amendment第 14 条修正案

• After the Civil War南北战争之后
• During Reconstruction重建时期
• (With the) 15th Amendment(随着)第 15 条修正案
• 18701870 年

• Susan B. Anthony苏珊·B·安东尼
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton伊丽莎白·卡迪·斯坦顿
• Sojourner Truth索杰纳·特鲁斯
• Harriet Tubman哈丽特·塔布曼
• Lucretia Mott卢克丽霞·莫特
• Lucy Stone露西·斯通

• World War I第一次世界大战
• World War II第二次世界大战
• Korean War朝鲜战争
• Vietnam War越南战争
• (Persian) Gulf War(波斯湾)海湾战争

• Because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships因为德国袭击了美国(民用)船只
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)为了支持协约国(英国、法国、意大利和俄国)
• To oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)为了对抗同盟国(德国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国和保加利亚)

• 19201920 年
• After World War I第一次世界大战之后
• (With the) 19th Amendment(随着)第 19 条修正案

• Longest economic recession in modern history现代历史上最长的经济衰退

• The Great Crash (1929)大崩盘(1929 年)
• Stock market crash of 19291929 年股市崩盘

• (Franklin) Roosevelt(富兰克林·)罗斯福

• (Bombing of) Pearl Harbor珍珠港(遭到轰炸)
• Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor日本袭击了珍珠港
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, and Russia)为了支持同盟国(英国、法国和俄国)
• To oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)为了对抗轴心国(德国、意大利和日本)

• General during World War II第二次世界大战期间的将军
• President at the end of (during) the Korean War朝鲜战争结束时(期间)的总统
• 34th president of the United States美国第三十四任总统
• Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (Created the Interstate System)签署 1956 年《联邦援助公路法》(创建了州际公路系统)

• Soviet Union苏联
• USSR苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟
• Russia俄国

• Communism共产主义
• Nuclear war核战争

• To stop the spread of communism为了阻止共产主义蔓延

• To stop the spread of communism为了阻止共产主义蔓延

• Fought to end racial discrimination为终结种族歧视而斗争

• Fought for civil rights为民权而奋斗
• Worked for equality for all Americans为所有美国人争取平等
• Worked to ensure that people would "not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character"努力让人们「不以肤色、而以品格来评判一个人」

• To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait为了迫使伊拉克军队撤出科威特

• Terrorists attacked the United States恐怖分子袭击了美国
• Terrorists took over two planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City恐怖分子劫持两架飞机撞向纽约市世界贸易中心
• Terrorists took over a plane and crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia恐怖分子劫持一架飞机撞向弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿的五角大楼
• Terrorists took over a plane originally aimed at Washington, D.C., and crashed in a field in Pennsylvania恐怖分子劫持一架原定飞向华盛顿特区的飞机,坠毁于宾夕法尼亚州的一片田野

• (Global) War on Terror(全球)反恐战争
• War in Afghanistan阿富汗战争
• War in Iraq伊拉克战争

• Apache阿帕奇
• Blackfeet黑脚
• Cayuga卡尤加
• Cherokee切罗基
• Cheyenne夏延
• Chippewa齐佩瓦
• Choctaw乔克托
• Creek克里克
• Crow克罗
• Hopi霍皮
• Huron休伦
• Inupiat因纽皮亚特
• Lakota拉科塔
• Mohawk莫霍克
• Mohegan莫希干
• Navajo纳瓦霍
• Oneida奥奈达
• Onondaga奥农多加
• Pueblo普韦布洛
• Seminole塞米诺尔
• Seneca塞内卡
• Shawnee肖尼
• Sioux苏族
• Teton提顿
• Tuscarora塔斯卡罗拉

For a complete list of tribes, please visit bia.gov.

• Light bulb电灯泡
• Automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)汽车(轿车、内燃机)
• Skyscrapers摩天大楼
• Airplane飞机
• Assembly line流水线
• Landing on the moon登月
• Integrated circuit (IC)集成电路(IC)

• Washington, D.C.华盛顿哥伦比亚特区

• New York (Harbor)纽约(港)
• Liberty Island自由岛

Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).

• (Because there were) 13 original colonies(因为最初有)13 个殖民地
• (Because the stripes) represent the original colonies(因为条纹)代表最初的殖民地

• (Because there is) one star for each state(因为)每个州有一颗星
• (Because) each star represents a state(因为)每颗星代表一个州
• (Because there are) 50 states(因为美国有)50 个州

• The Star-Spangled Banner《星条旗》(The Star-Spangled Banner)

• Out of many, one合众为一
• We all become one我们众人合为一体

• A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence (from Britain)庆祝美国(从英国)独立的节日
• The country's birthday国家的生日

需说出 3 项:

• New Year's Day元旦
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Day马丁·路德·金纪念日
• Presidents Day (Washington's Birthday)总统日(华盛顿诞辰)
• Memorial Day阵亡将士纪念日
• Juneteenth六月节(Juneteenth)
• Independence Day独立日
• Labor Day劳动节
• Columbus Day哥伦布日
• Veterans Day退伍军人节
• Thanksgiving Day感恩节
• Christmas Day圣诞节

• A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service纪念在服役中阵亡军人的节日

• A holiday to honor people in the (U.S.) military向(美国)现役军人致敬的节日
• A holiday to honor people who have served (in the U.S. military)向曾(在美国军队)服役的人致敬的节日